On June 28, 2018, at the "Hydrogen Energy Industry Innovation and Development Forum" held by Tsinghua University, guests gathered. The conference was co-sponsored by Tsinghua University, China Electric Vehicles 100 and the International Hydrogen Energy Commission. Xu Guanhua, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and chairman of the Academic Committee of the China Electric Vehicle Centennial Committee, presided over the forum; Qiu Yong, president of Tsinghua University, and Chen Qingtai, chairman of the China Electric Vehicle 100-member Association, delivered a speech for the forum; Wan Gang, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and professor of Tsinghua University Ouyang Minggao, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Gan Yong, General Manager of the National Energy Group, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Ling Wen, Chairman and CEO of Air Liquide, Benoit Potier, Co-Chair of the International Hydrogen Energy Commission, Vice President of Hyundai Motor, International Hydrogen Energy Commission Co-chairman Yang woong-chul and guests from BAIC, Toyota, Great Wall Motor, Ballard and other units gave a wonderful speech.

Can see the App It was learned that Wan Gang, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, said in the speech at the meeting that the current commercialization and industrialization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China is lagging behind.

Chairman Wan Gang quoted data in his speech. At present, there are nearly 1,000 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in operation in China, and there are 12 hydrogenation facilities in operation, and nearly 10 are under construction. According to "Made in China 2025", the commercial application of millions of fuel cell vehicles will be realized by 2030.

In Wanlian's view, there are still some gaps between some key technologies and foreign countries. The industrial chain is weak and the engineering capacity needs to be improved. In terms of infrastructure, the advanced system of hydrogen production, hydrogen supply and hydrogenation needs to be improved. Problems such as the need to reduce are constraining the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

"In terms of the whole vehicle, in addition to SAIC, other listed companies have not included fuel cell vehicles as their main products in their corporate development plans. This is in line with international auto companies - Toyota, Honda, GM and Mercedes-Benz. These forms a significant gap.” Wan Gang said that the main role of hydrogen fuel cell auto companies in China is currently lacking.

It is worth noting that Wan Gang also said that the market prospect of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is worth looking forward to. "It is entirely possible to use fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen energy to make up the short board of today's electric vehicles."

In 2017, sales of new energy vehicles in major countries in the world exceeded 1.42 million units, and sales in China reached 777,000 units. The cumulative sales of new energy vehicles worldwide exceeded 3.4 million units, and China accounted for more than 50%. Wan Gang believes that although our new energy vehicles are already relatively large, they are mainly operated within the city. The main shortboards are the driving range, charging time and energy density.

At present, the proportion of passenger cars in China's new energy vehicles exceeds that of commercial vehicles. However, China's fuel cell buses have gradually begun to be used in cities. Wangang also pointed out the future three markets worthy of attention for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. "From a market perspective, the proportion of long-distance bus between urban buses and cities in China is about 1:6, that is, one city bus is roughly (corresponding to) six times remote buses. These long-distance buses It is a point-to-point operation, with short docking time, less charging time, and higher environmental protection requirements. In the center of the city to another city, the demand for transportation is also relatively large. The second is the city taxi. In the city There are a lot of private electric cars or public electric buses in the city, but taxis between cities, especially those in megacities, such as Beijing taxis, are usually operated in double shifts. I went to Hong Kong a few days ago, taxis a day. The running time is very long, it is difficult to have a long time to charge, so they hope to be able to charge for a shorter time. Third, with the development of online shopping, the demand for urban logistics vehicles is extremely strong, but its operating intensity is relatively high. The mileage is relatively long. In the medium and long term, medium-sized and heavy-duty trucks are a development direction. It is clear that the backward diesel engine is a direction. Medium-sized and heavy-duty trucks have long mileage and high environmental protection requirements. A good way to solve these problems is to use fuel cell vehicles."

With the adjustment of energy structure and the concern and research on clean energy, hydrogen energy has become the world's most promising clean energy with its advantages of green, high efficiency and wide application range. The conference on the theme of “breaking core technology to create industrial ecology” also discussed basic research on hydrogen energy production, hydrogen energy transportation and distribution, existing infrastructure and start-up solutions, and fuel cell power generation systems.

The following is a record of Wan Gang’s speech:

Dear Mr. Qing Tai, Dear Comrade Guan Hua, President Qiu Yong, Dear friends, good afternoon! I am very happy to be here to participate in this forum. The topic of this forum is very good, that is, “breaking through core technologies to create an industrial ecology”. It is indeed a special issue that we must consider in promoting the development of electric vehicles in recent years.

I would like to talk about some ideas and thoughts about the development of fuel cell vehicles and discuss them with everyone. Mainly from two aspects, the first one will review the history of the development of fuel cell vehicles in our country. The second point is to discuss with you the opportunities and challenges facing the development of fuel cell vehicles.

The development of new energy vehicles in our country can be traced back to the end of the last century. At the time we were discussing three possible driving forms for developing new energy vehicles, namely pure electric, hybrid and fuel cell drive systems. How can we adapt the three possible driving forms to the development of the industry and the future development? When promoting industrialization, as the national science and technology department, we need to study the common core technologies to promote the development of the industry and make new Energy vehicles can be developed step by step.

At that time, we found some common core technologies from the three models, namely the power battery and management system, the motor and drive system, and the hybrid engine and fuel cell engine of the hybrid system. Combining them may form three types of cars, which formed the country's research and development layout at that time: pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles as three major development models. The core technologies common to these three models are the power battery, the drive motor and the intelligent control system, as well as the drive engine system of each model. I want to make it clear again that when we decided on the major special projects for electric vehicles in 2001, we clearly defined the need to reduce energy dependence, reduce urban air pollution, and promote the leap-forward development of the automobile industry. This is the long-term goal of the development of new energy vehicles in our country.

Looking back on these years, new energy vehicles are advancing with the times in the development process, and products and markets are developing in a sequential manner. In the tenth five-year plan, we have determined the R&D layout of “three verticals and three horizontals”, in the eleventh During the five-year plan, we strengthened our research on the foundation. In the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” and the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”, we developed more and more broadly according to the intelligent driving direction of new energy vehicles. The depth of research and development is also deeper and deeper, especially the depth of basic research. Fuel cell engines have always been the focus of research and development. At the time of the 13th Five-Year Plan, our country has developed a number of related development plans, plans for the development of new energy vehicles, special tasks for science and technology, energy technology revolutions and various places such as Shanghai, Suzhou and Wuhan. Shandong and Shandong are driving the development of new energy fuel cells everywhere.

In terms of basic research, vehicle fuel cells have made relatively smooth progress. Fuel cell materials have been significantly improved. This is one of the companies I visited recently, the new source of the Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yihuatong, an emerging fuel cell company, Shanghai Fuersai, these three companies have chosen the same path: 30kW drive module With 60kW drive modules and 120kW drive modules, their stack power density has reached 2kW/L.

In retrospect, we launched the first batch of fuel cell vehicles in our country during the 2008 Olympic Games. We provided transportation services and stadium services for the Olympic Games, which attracted the attention of the world. I remember that there were more than 20 fuel cell cars and more than 10 fuel cell buses. This figure has grown tremendously since the 2010 World Expo. More than 200 fuel cell buses, cars and venues have been in operation at the World Expo. We participated in the World Series, demonstrated fuel cell vehicles in Beijing, and participated in the commercial operation test of fuel cell vehicles in California. Now domestic commercialization demonstration operation has spread all over the place. In addition, Shanghai Shenlong, Henan Yutong, Zhongtong and Dongfeng have developed prototypes and demonstrated them. According to the statistics of Professor Wang Hewu of Tsinghua University, there are nearly 1,000 vehicles in operation, 12 in the operation of hydrogenation facilities, and nearly 10 in construction.

Hydrogen fuel cells can also be used in many fields. For example, there are more than 100 sets of base station backup power sources around Shanghai. They have maintained stable operation during the four or five years of operation and achieved good results. At the same time, the fuel cell can also be used in the IDC engine room, hospital emergency rescue system, security and backup power supply for deep dive systems. On this basis, our company has begun to intervene in the development of fuel cells. As early as 2007, SAIC started fuel cell development on the basis of preliminary research and development. In 2014, it carried out the national Miles, recently developed commercial vehicles, and formulated the thirteenth five-year plan to fuel cell development strategy by 2020. aims.

We have carried out bilateral and multilateral international cooperation. The International Hydrogen Energy Economic Partnership Program was launched at the Clean Energy Ministers Meeting last year, hoping that electric vehicles will reach 30% by 2030. In terms of bilateral cooperation, the cooperation between the China-US Clean Energy Vehicle Research Center and the Sino-German Electric Vehicle Research Center was carried out. With the support of UNEP, China has carried out a three-round joint demonstration project on fuel cell vehicles. At the same time, we also initiated and initiated the organization of the International Hydrogen Fuel Cell Association.

In general, China's fuel cell vehicles have made significant progress. From the technology of the fuel cell vehicle itself, the characteristics of the fuel cell vehicle in China are the electric-electric hybrid system, which not only conforms to the technical characteristics of the fuel cell itself, but also is suitable for the industrial point of technological innovation in our country. From the pure electric to the system with partial power and partial fuel cell drive, it can be divided into several types, one is energy hybrid type, mainly pure electric vehicles, and the fuel cell is used to make up its drive. . There is also a fuel cell-based, power battery to complement its drive, both types have development prospects. But in general, the biggest feature of China's fuel cell vehicles is electric-electric hybrid.

In the past ten years, with the support of national science and technology plans and industrial technology innovation projects, our country has carried out research, development, demonstration and operation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and initially formed a fuel cell stack system. , the vehicle development system and manufacturing capabilities, carried out a demonstration of the system.

Below I would like to discuss with you the opportunities and challenges of promoting the development of fuel cell vehicles. At present, new energy vehicles have become a sign of the transformation and upgrading of the global automotive industry. According to the data of the China Automobile Association and MarkLiens, in 2017, the sales of new energy vehicles in major countries in the world exceeded 1.42 million, and the sales in China reached 777,000. The cumulative sales of new energy vehicles in the world exceeded 3.4 million units, and China accounted for more than 50% of the total. That is to say, the goal we established in the past was to contribute to climate change and to make new contributions to climate change. From the distribution of models, passenger cars, passenger cars and cars and commercial vehicles are beginning to grow. The proportion of passenger cars exceeds that of commercial vehicles. China's fuel cell buses are gradually being used in cities.

The commercialization and industrialization of our fuel cell vehicles are still lagging behind. In particular, the industrial ecology and the market have not yet been built, and there are probably seven obvious problems.

First, the progress of industrialization and commercialization is significantly backward. Second, some key technical problems have not been attacked for a long time, and the gap is obvious. Third, the industrial chain is relatively weak, and the engineering capability is insufficient. Fourth, the role of the enterprise is lacking; The systems for hydrogen production, hydrogen supply and hydrogenation are relatively backward, resulting in a sharp increase in hydrogen costs. Sixth, technical standards and testing systems are seriously lagging behind. Seventh, international open cooperation is urgently needed. Now I will talk about the way to solve these problems in the future.

First, the progress of industrialization and commercialization is lagging behind. This shows that although our new energy vehicles are already relatively large, they are mainly operated within the city. The main shortboards are the driving range, charging time and energy density. From a market perspective, the proportion of long-distance bus between urban buses and cities in China is about 1:6, that is, one city bus has about 6 times more long-distance buses. These long-distance buses are peer-to-peer, with short stop times, little charging time, and high environmental requirements. From the center of the city to the center of another city, the demand for transportation is also relatively large. The second is the city taxi. There are many private electric vehicles or public electric buses in the city, but taxis between cities, especially those in megacities, such as Beijing taxis, are usually operated in double shifts. I went to Hong Kong a few days ago. The taxis run for a long time and it is difficult to have a long time to charge, so they hope to be able to charge for a shorter time. Third, with the development of online shopping, the demand for urban logistics vehicles is extremely high, but its operating intensity is relatively high and the mileage is relatively long. From the medium and long term perspective, medium-sized and heavy-duty trucks are a development direction. This time, in response to the pollution prevention and control battle, it is clear that the backward diesel engine is a direction. Medium-sized and heavy-duty trucks have long mileage and high environmental requirements. A good way to solve these problems is to use fuel cell vehicles. The short board of electric vehicles today can be fully supplemented by fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen energy.

Second, many key issues have not been attacked for a long time. Although we have deployed a series of studies as early as the beginning of this century, there have been no significant progress on some key issues, and the gap is obvious. For example, the power density of the reactor, the domestic products are basically about 2kW / L; according to reports, the international advanced level has reached about 3kW / L. In terms of catalyst efficiency, the domestic platinum consumption per kilowatt is about 0.3 grams; it is reported that the international advanced level has reached below 0.06 grams. In terms of membrane electrode durability, the measured life of domestic dynamic conditions is about 3,000 hours; it has been reported that it has reached 9000 hours abroad. In terms of air compressors, the current domestic fuel cell products basically adopt low-pressure compressors, and foreign countries mainly adopt high-pressure air compressors. If the pressure can be increased to about two times, its efficiency may increase by 50%. However, I feel that it is necessary to work hard to establish a fuel cell testing platform to conduct comparative tests on domestic and foreign fuel cell products to determine the specific gap. We can organize together through international cooperation to discuss the establishment of such a testing platform, and establish a unified fuel cell product testing and technical standards through international cooperation, which is very important for building a fuel cell vehicle industry ecology.

Third, the industrial chain is still relatively weak and the engineering capacity is insufficient. Some key materials such as electrocatalysts, proton exchange membranes, and carbon paper for fuel cells have been available, but they are still laboratory products. Therefore, consistency and reliability are more volatile. There are also some prototypes for key components such as air compressors and hydrogen return pumps, but there is no stable production capacity, insufficient product supply, and high prices. Hydrogen storage capacity should reach 5% to 7% and 15 years. Now that the 35 MPa carbon fiber liner has a low hydrogen storage density, it is necessary to develop a higher pressure carbon fiber liner. This is not without technology, but there is no standard, and there is no detection method. At present, the whole vehicle enterprise has not formed a stable parts supply system, the supply chain is weak, and the engineering ability is insufficient, resulting in low process quality of parts, product consistency, reliability and durability, which cannot meet the requirements.

Fourth, there is still a lack of corporate role. In terms of vehicle, passenger car companies, other than SAIC, have not listed fuel cell vehicles as their main products in their corporate development plans. This has formed a clear gap with international auto companies - Toyota, Honda, GM and Mercedes-Benz. Our vehicle companies have not yet played a leading role. In terms of power system, diesel engine enterprises are facing further tightening of transformation and upgrading with the further tightening of environmental regulations. Many industry experts believe that fuel-efficient engines with high efficiency and long driving range are the best alternatives. I am very happy to know that Weichai Power has decided to use hydrogen fuel cell engines as an important direction for transformation and upgrading. I think we should give support and wish them a first-mover advantage. After hard work, China's fuel cell companies have formed new three-board enterprises such as Xinyuan Power, Yihuatong, and Fuersai. In particular, some regulations of the New Third Board are not suitable for the development of these enterprises, and there are many improvement measures required by the regulatory authorities. In terms of key materials, this year I went to the Dongyue Group to look at it (in 2007). After more than ten years of hard work, their proton exchange membranes have entered the international market and are recognized by Mercedes-Benz and BMW. We hope that they can expand the industry and provide high quality products in membrane electrodes. In addition, we also need companies to actively participate in air compressors and hydrogen reflux pumps. Our country has favorable conditions in this aspect of air compressors. China is a country with the strongest air-conditioning production capacity. It should be said that the technical ability is not bad. The key is whether the company can take the initiative to undertake this task.

Fifth, our hydrogen production and hydrogenation systems are lagging behind, causing a sharp increase in the cost of hydrogen fuel. The low-cost hydrogen source in our country is very extensive, but because the large-scale hydrogen supply system is still not perfect, the transportation cost is relatively low, the price of hydrogen exceeds the fuel cost, and a sustainable business model has not yet been formed. On February 11 this year, we established an interdisciplinary, cross-industry, and inter-departmental hydrogen energy industry alliance led by leading companies, marking the growth of China's fuel cell industry. I hope that through this meeting, we will produce fuel cells, research fuel cell vehicles and research fuel cell main systems, as well as hydrogen supply systems can be together to form a consensus: to build the necessary hydrogen supply system in the place where there is a car, This is a very important experience we have gained in promoting the development of electric vehicles for more than a decade.

The sixth short board is a technical standard and the inspection system is seriously lagging behind. Fuel cell vehicle operation involves the automotive energy field and a series of new technical standards and regulations are urgently needed to be established. There are already some regulations, but they need to be updated, and the detection capability needs to be strengthened. In terms of hydrogen storage safety and operational safety, standards for testing and evaluation of fuel cell life cycle have yet to be improved. For example, the standard for the construction of our hydrogen refueling station is extremely backward. It is still the idea of the 1950s. How much space is there around a hydrogen refueling station. These problems were actually in the early 2000s when I visited Japan and Germany. They have been solved, and there are good standards that can now be solved through cooperation. Our authorities are not clear and the specifications for operation are not perfect. The technical standards for fuel cell stacks and fuel cell engines are also in need of improvement, and the corresponding testing capabilities should continue to be strengthened. The research and development and production testing capabilities of enterprises also require research and development. The fuel cell ecology series of parts and components industry standards, experimental methods, and testing systems should also be standardized.

Seventh, we urgently need to strengthen international openness and cooperation. The opening and innovation of new energy vehicles in China will play a leading role. Our idea is to optimize the energy structure, prevent air pollution, and cope with climate change. This is also the common choice that human beings must face.